diff --git libsemanage-2.5/ChangeLog libsemanage-2.5/ChangeLog
index 9b4d5b7..469c4b0 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/ChangeLog
+++ libsemanage-2.5/ChangeLog
@@ -1,3 +1,20 @@
+	* Fixes bug preventing the installation of base modules, from James Carter.
+2.6-rc1 2016-09-30
+	* make distclean target work, from Nicolas Iooss.
+	* Do not always print a module name warning, from Miroslav Grepl.
+	* Use pp module name instead of filename when installing module, from Petr Lautrbach.
+	* tests: Do not force using gcc, from Nicolas Iooss.
+	* genhomedircon: remove hardcoded refpolicy strings, from Gary Tierney.
+	* genhomedircon: add support for %group syntax, from Gary Tierney.
+	* genhomedircon: generate contexts for logins mapped to the default user, from Gary Tierney.
+	* Validate and compile file contexts before installing, from Stephen Smalley.
+	* Swap tcp and udp protocol numbers, from Miroslav Vadkerti.
+	* Sort object files for deterministic linking order, from Laurent Bigonville.
+	* Support overriding Makefile RANLIB, from Julien Pivotto.
+	* Respect CC and PKG_CONFIG environment variable, from Julien Pivotto.
+	* Fix multiple spelling errors, from Laurent Bigonville.
+	* genhomedircon: %{USERID} and %{USERNAME} support and code cleanups, from Jason Zaman.
+
 2.5 2016-02-23
 	* Do not overwrite CFLAGS in test Makefile, from Nicolas Iooss.
 	* Fix uninitialized variable in direct_commit and direct_api, from Nicolas Iooss.
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/include/semanage/handle.h libsemanage-2.5/include/semanage/handle.h
index 6cad529..c816590 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/include/semanage/handle.h
+++ libsemanage-2.5/include/semanage/handle.h
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ int semanage_commit(semanage_handle_t *);
 #define SEMANAGE_CAN_READ 1
 #define SEMANAGE_CAN_WRITE 2
 /* returns SEMANAGE_CAN_READ or SEMANAGE_CAN_WRITE if the store is readable
- * or writable, respectively. <0 if an error occured */
+ * or writable, respectively. <0 if an error occurred */
 int semanage_access_check(semanage_handle_t * sh);
 
 /* returns 0 if not connected, 1 if connected */
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/src/Makefile libsemanage-2.5/src/Makefile
index d1fcc0b..68aab72 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/src/Makefile
+++ libsemanage-2.5/src/Makefile
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ PYTHON ?= python
 PYPREFIX ?= $(notdir $(PYTHON))
 RUBY ?= ruby
 RUBYPREFIX ?= $(notdir $(RUBY))
+PKG_CONFIG ?= pkg-config
 
 # Installation directories.
 PREFIX ?= $(DESTDIR)/usr
@@ -12,11 +13,11 @@ LIBDIR ?= $(PREFIX)/lib
 SHLIBDIR ?= $(DESTDIR)/lib
 INCLUDEDIR ?= $(PREFIX)/include
 PYLIBVER ?= $(shell $(PYTHON) -c 'import sys;print("python%d.%d" % sys.version_info[0:2])')
-PYINC ?= $(shell pkg-config --cflags $(PYPREFIX))
+PYINC ?= $(shell $(PKG_CONFIG) --cflags $(PYPREFIX))
 PYLIBDIR ?= $(LIBDIR)/$(PYLIBVER)
 RUBYLIBVER ?= $(shell $(RUBY) -e 'print RUBY_VERSION.split(".")[0..1].join(".")')
 RUBYPLATFORM ?= $(shell $(RUBY) -e 'print RUBY_PLATFORM')
-RUBYINC ?= $(shell pkg-config --cflags ruby-$(RUBYLIBVER))
+RUBYINC ?= $(shell $(PKG_CONFIG) --cflags ruby-$(RUBYLIBVER))
 RUBYINSTALL ?= $(LIBDIR)/ruby/site_ruby/$(RUBYLIBVER)/$(RUBYPLATFORM)
 
 LIBBASE=$(shell basename $(LIBDIR))
@@ -50,8 +51,8 @@ SWIGFILES=$(SWIGSO) semanage.py
 SWIGRUBYSO=$(RUBYPREFIX)_semanage.so
 LIBSO=$(TARGET).$(LIBVERSION)
 
-GENERATED=$(SWIGCOUT) $(SWIGRUBYCOUT) semanageswig_python_exception.i
-SRCS= $(filter-out $(GENERATED),$(wildcard *.c))
+GENERATED=$(SWIGCOUT) $(SWIGRUBYCOUT) semanageswig_python_exception.i $(wildcard conf-*.[ch])
+SRCS= $(filter-out $(GENERATED),$(sort $(wildcard *.c)))
 
 OBJS= $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(SRCS)) conf-scan.o conf-parse.o
 LOBJS= $(patsubst %.c,%.lo,$(SRCS)) conf-scan.lo conf-parse.lo
@@ -61,14 +62,12 @@ SWIG_CFLAGS += -Wno-error -Wno-unused-but-set-variable -Wno-unused-variable -Wno
 		-Wno-unused-parameter
 
 override CFLAGS += -I../include -I$(INCLUDEDIR) -D_GNU_SOURCE 
-RANLIB=ranlib
+RANLIB ?= ranlib
 
 SWIG = swig -Wall -python -o $(SWIGCOUT) -outdir ./
 
 SWIGRUBY = swig -Wall -ruby -o $(SWIGRUBYCOUT) -outdir ./
 
-GENERATED=$(SWIGCOUT) $(SWIGRUBYCOUT) $(wildcard conf-*.[ch])
-
 all: $(LIBA) $(LIBSO) $(LIBPC)
 
 pywrap: all $(SWIGSO)
@@ -162,7 +161,7 @@ clean:
 	-rm -f $(LIBPC) $(OBJS) $(LOBJS) $(LIBA) $(LIBSO) $(SWIGLOBJ) $(SWIGSO) $(TARGET) conf-parse.c conf-parse.h conf-scan.c *.o *.lo *~
 
 distclean: clean
-	rm -f $(SWIGCOUT) $(SWIGFILES)
+	rm -f $(GENERATED) $(SWIGFILES)
 
 indent:
 	../../scripts/Lindent $(filter-out $(GENERATED),$(wildcard *.[ch]))
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/src/database.h libsemanage-2.5/src/database.h
index e460379..6a4a164 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/src/database.h
+++ libsemanage-2.5/src/database.h
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ typedef struct dbase_table {
 	 * This function must be invoked before using
 	 * any of the database functions above. It may be invoked
 	 * multiple times, and will update the cache if a commit
-	 * occured between invocations */
+	 * occurred between invocations */
 	int (*cache) (struct semanage_handle * handle, dbase_t * dbase);
 
 	/* Forgets all changes that haven't been written
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/src/direct_api.c libsemanage-2.5/src/direct_api.c
index 2187b65..e5c72cd 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/src/direct_api.c
+++ libsemanage-2.5/src/direct_api.c
@@ -363,6 +363,35 @@ static int semanage_direct_begintrans(semanage_handle_t * sh)
 
 /********************* utility functions *********************/
 
+/* Takes a module stored in 'module_data' and parses its headers.
+ * Sets reference variables 'module_name' to module's name, and
+ * 'version' to module's version.  The caller is responsible for
+ * free()ing 'module_name', and 'version'; they will be
+ * set to NULL upon entering this function.  Returns 0 on success, -1
+ * if out of memory.
+ */
+static int parse_module_headers(semanage_handle_t * sh, char *module_data,
+                               size_t data_len, char **module_name,
+                               char **version)
+{
+       struct sepol_policy_file *pf;
+       int file_type;
+       *module_name = *version = NULL;
+
+       if (sepol_policy_file_create(&pf)) {
+               ERR(sh, "Out of memory!");
+               return -1;
+       }
+       sepol_policy_file_set_mem(pf, module_data, data_len);
+       sepol_policy_file_set_handle(pf, sh->sepolh);
+       if (module_data != NULL && data_len > 0)
+           sepol_module_package_info(pf, &file_type, module_name,
+                                     version);
+       sepol_policy_file_free(pf);
+
+       return 0;
+}
+
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <bzlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
@@ -1524,7 +1553,9 @@ static int semanage_direct_install_file(semanage_handle_t * sh,
 	char *path = NULL;
 	char *filename;
 	char *lang_ext = NULL;
+	char *module_name = NULL;
 	char *separator;
+	char *version = NULL;
 
 	if ((data_len = map_file(sh, install_filename, &data, &compressed)) <= 0) {
 		ERR(sh, "Unable to read file %s\n", install_filename);
@@ -1564,10 +1595,29 @@ static int semanage_direct_install_file(semanage_handle_t * sh,
 		lang_ext = separator + 1;
 	}
 
-	retval = semanage_direct_install(sh, data, data_len, filename, lang_ext);
+	if (strcmp(lang_ext, "pp") == 0) {
+		retval = parse_module_headers(sh, data, data_len, &module_name, &version);
+		free(version);
+		if (retval != 0)
+			goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (module_name == NULL) {
+		module_name = strdup(filename);
+		if (module_name == NULL) {
+			ERR(sh, "No memory available for module_name.\n");
+			retval = -1;
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	} else if (strcmp(module_name, filename) != 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "Warning: SELinux userspace will refer to the module from %s as %s rather than %s\n", install_filename, module_name, filename);
+	}
+
+	retval = semanage_direct_install(sh, data, data_len, module_name, lang_ext);
 
 cleanup:
 	if (data_len > 0) munmap(data, data_len);
+	free(module_name);
 	free(path);
 
 	return retval;
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/src/exception.sh libsemanage-2.5/src/exception.sh
index 94619d2..d18959c 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/src/exception.sh
+++ libsemanage-2.5/src/exception.sh
@@ -9,6 +9,6 @@ echo "
 }
 "
 }
-gcc -x c -c -I../include - -aux-info temp.aux < ../include/semanage/semanage.h
+${CC:-gcc} -x c -c -I../include - -aux-info temp.aux < ../include/semanage/semanage.h
 for i in `awk '/extern int/ { print $6 }' temp.aux`; do except $i ; done
 rm -f -- temp.aux -.o
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/src/genhomedircon.c libsemanage-2.5/src/genhomedircon.c
index 1a9e87e..cce3884 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/src/genhomedircon.c
+++ libsemanage-2.5/src/genhomedircon.c
@@ -48,6 +48,8 @@
 #include <errno.h>
 #include <unistd.h>
 #include <regex.h>
+#include <grp.h>
+#include <search.h>
 
 /* paths used in get_home_dirs() */
 #define PATH_ETC_USERADD "/etc/default/useradd"
@@ -73,37 +75,45 @@
    which are searched for and replaced */
 #define TEMPLATE_HOME_ROOT "HOME_ROOT"
 #define TEMPLATE_HOME_DIR "HOME_DIR"
+/* these are legacy */
 #define TEMPLATE_USER "USER"
 #define TEMPLATE_ROLE "ROLE"
+/* new names */
+#define TEMPLATE_USERNAME "%{USERNAME}"
+#define TEMPLATE_USERID "%{USERID}"
+
 #define TEMPLATE_SEUSER "system_u"
 #define TEMPLATE_LEVEL "s0"
 
-#define FALLBACK_USER "user_u"
-#define FALLBACK_USER_PREFIX "user"
-#define FALLBACK_USER_LEVEL "s0"
+#define FALLBACK_SENAME "user_u"
+#define FALLBACK_PREFIX "user"
+#define FALLBACK_LEVEL "s0"
+#define FALLBACK_NAME "[^/]+"
+#define FALLBACK_UIDGID "[0-9]+"
 #define DEFAULT_LOGIN "__default__"
 
-typedef struct {
-	const char *fcfilepath;
-	int usepasswd;
-	const char *homedir_template_path;
-	char *fallback_user;
-	char *fallback_user_prefix;
-	char *fallback_user_level;
-	semanage_handle_t *h_semanage;
-	sepol_policydb_t *policydb;
-} genhomedircon_settings_t;
-
 typedef struct user_entry {
 	char *name;
+	char *uid;
+	char *gid;
 	char *sename;
 	char *prefix;
 	char *home;
 	char *level;
+	char *login;
 	struct user_entry *next;
 } genhomedircon_user_entry_t;
 
 typedef struct {
+	const char *fcfilepath;
+	int usepasswd;
+	const char *homedir_template_path;
+	genhomedircon_user_entry_t *fallback;
+	semanage_handle_t *h_semanage;
+	sepol_policydb_t *policydb;
+} genhomedircon_settings_t;
+
+typedef struct {
 	const char *search_for;
 	const char *replace_with;
 } replacement_pair_t;
@@ -461,11 +471,29 @@ static int HOME_DIR_PRED(const char *string)
 	return semanage_is_prefix(string, TEMPLATE_HOME_DIR);
 }
 
+/* new names */
+static int USERNAME_CONTEXT_PRED(const char *string)
+{
+	return (int)(
+		(strstr(string, TEMPLATE_USERNAME) != NULL) ||
+		(strstr(string, TEMPLATE_USERID) != NULL)
+	);
+}
+
+/* This will never match USER if USERNAME or USERID are found. */
 static int USER_CONTEXT_PRED(const char *string)
 {
+	if (USERNAME_CONTEXT_PRED(string))
+		return 0;
+
 	return (int)(strstr(string, TEMPLATE_USER) != NULL);
 }
 
+static int STR_COMPARATOR(const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+	return strcmp((const char *) a, (const char *) b);
+}
+
 /* make_tempate
  * @param	s	  the settings holding the paths to various files
  * @param	pred	function pointer to function to use as filter for slurp
@@ -548,23 +576,12 @@ static int check_line(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, Ustr *line)
 	return result;
 }
 
-static int write_home_dir_context(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
-				  semanage_list_t * tpl, const char *user,
-				  const char *seuser, const char *home,
-				  const char *role_prefix, const char *level)
+static int write_replacements(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
+			      const semanage_list_t * tpl,
+			      const replacement_pair_t *repl)
 {
-	replacement_pair_t repl[] = {
-		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_SEUSER,.replace_with = seuser},
-		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_HOME_DIR,.replace_with = home},
-		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_ROLE,.replace_with = role_prefix},
-		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_LEVEL,.replace_with = level},
-		{NULL, NULL}
-	};
 	Ustr *line = USTR_NULL;
 
-	if (fprintf(out, COMMENT_USER_HOME_CONTEXT, user) < 0)
-		return STATUS_ERR;
-
 	for (; tpl; tpl = tpl->next) {
 		line = replace_all(tpl->data, repl);
 		if (!line)
@@ -582,6 +599,28 @@ static int write_home_dir_context(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
 	return STATUS_ERR;
 }
 
+static int write_home_dir_context(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
+				  semanage_list_t * tpl, const genhomedircon_user_entry_t *user)
+{
+	replacement_pair_t repl[] = {
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_SEUSER,.replace_with = user->sename},
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_HOME_DIR,.replace_with = user->home},
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_ROLE,.replace_with = user->prefix},
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_LEVEL,.replace_with = user->level},
+		{NULL, NULL}
+	};
+
+	if (strcmp(user->name, FALLBACK_NAME) == 0) {
+		if (fprintf(out, COMMENT_USER_HOME_CONTEXT, FALLBACK_SENAME) < 0)
+			return STATUS_ERR;
+	} else {
+		if (fprintf(out, COMMENT_USER_HOME_CONTEXT, user->name) < 0)
+			return STATUS_ERR;
+	}
+
+	return write_replacements(s, out, tpl, repl);
+}
+
 static int write_home_root_context(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
 				   semanage_list_t * tpl, char *homedir)
 {
@@ -589,52 +628,54 @@ static int write_home_root_context(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
 		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_HOME_ROOT,.replace_with = homedir},
 		{NULL, NULL}
 	};
-	Ustr *line = USTR_NULL;
 
-	for (; tpl; tpl = tpl->next) {
-		line = replace_all(tpl->data, repl);
-		if (!line)
-			goto fail;
-		if (check_line(s, line) == STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-			if (!ustr_io_putfileline(&line, out))
-				goto fail;
-		}
-		ustr_sc_free(&line);
-	}
-	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
+	return write_replacements(s, out, tpl, repl);
+}
 
-      fail:
-	ustr_sc_free(&line);
-	return STATUS_ERR;
+static int write_username_context(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
+				  semanage_list_t * tpl,
+				  const genhomedircon_user_entry_t *user)
+{
+	replacement_pair_t repl[] = {
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_USERNAME,.replace_with = user->name},
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_USERID,.replace_with = user->uid},
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_ROLE,.replace_with = user->prefix},
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_SEUSER,.replace_with = user->sename},
+		{NULL, NULL}
+	};
+
+	return write_replacements(s, out, tpl, repl);
 }
 
 static int write_user_context(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
-			      semanage_list_t * tpl, const char *user,
-			      const char *seuser, const char *role_prefix)
+			      semanage_list_t * tpl, const genhomedircon_user_entry_t *user)
 {
 	replacement_pair_t repl[] = {
-		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_USER,.replace_with = user},
-		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_ROLE,.replace_with = role_prefix},
-		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_SEUSER,.replace_with = seuser},
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_USER,.replace_with = user->name},
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_ROLE,.replace_with = user->prefix},
+		{.search_for = TEMPLATE_SEUSER,.replace_with = user->sename},
 		{NULL, NULL}
 	};
-	Ustr *line = USTR_NULL;
 
-	for (; tpl; tpl = tpl->next) {
-		line = replace_all(tpl->data, repl);
-		if (!line)
-			goto fail;
-		if (check_line(s, line) == STATUS_SUCCESS) {
-			if (!ustr_io_putfileline(&line, out))
-				goto fail;
-		}
-		ustr_sc_free(&line);
+	return write_replacements(s, out, tpl, repl);
+}
+
+static int seuser_sort_func(const void *arg1, const void *arg2)
+{
+	const semanage_seuser_t **u1 = (const semanage_seuser_t **) arg1;
+	const semanage_seuser_t **u2 = (const semanage_seuser_t **) arg2;;
+	const char *name1 = semanage_seuser_get_name(*u1);
+	const char *name2 = semanage_seuser_get_name(*u2);
+
+	if (name1[0] == '%' && name2[0] == '%') {
+		return 0;
+	} else if (name1[0] == '%') {
+		return 1;
+	} else if (name2[0] == '%') {
+		return -1;
 	}
-	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
 
-      fail:
-	ustr_sc_free(&line);
-	return STATUS_ERR;
+	return strcmp(name1, name2);
 }
 
 static int user_sort_func(semanage_user_t ** arg1, semanage_user_t ** arg2)
@@ -649,15 +690,19 @@ static int name_user_cmp(char *key, semanage_user_t ** val)
 }
 
 static int push_user_entry(genhomedircon_user_entry_t ** list, const char *n,
-			   const char *sen, const char *pre, const char *h,
-			   const char *l)
+			   const char *u, const char *g, const char *sen,
+			   const char *pre, const char *h, const char *l,
+			   const char *ln)
 {
 	genhomedircon_user_entry_t *temp = NULL;
 	char *name = NULL;
+	char *uid = NULL;
+	char *gid = NULL;
 	char *sename = NULL;
 	char *prefix = NULL;
 	char *home = NULL;
 	char *level = NULL;
+	char *lname = NULL;
 
 	temp = malloc(sizeof(genhomedircon_user_entry_t));
 	if (!temp)
@@ -665,6 +710,12 @@ static int push_user_entry(genhomedircon_user_entry_t ** list, const char *n,
 	name = strdup(n);
 	if (!name)
 		goto cleanup;
+	uid = strdup(u);
+	if (!uid)
+		goto cleanup;
+	gid = strdup(g);
+	if (!gid)
+		goto cleanup;
 	sename = strdup(sen);
 	if (!sename)
 		goto cleanup;
@@ -677,12 +728,18 @@ static int push_user_entry(genhomedircon_user_entry_t ** list, const char *n,
 	level = strdup(l);
 	if (!level)
 		goto cleanup;
+	lname = strdup(ln);
+	if (!lname)
+		goto cleanup;
 
 	temp->name = name;
+	temp->uid = uid;
+	temp->gid = gid;
 	temp->sename = sename;
 	temp->prefix = prefix;
 	temp->home = home;
 	temp->level = level;
+	temp->login = lname;
 	temp->next = (*list);
 	(*list) = temp;
 
@@ -690,10 +747,13 @@ static int push_user_entry(genhomedircon_user_entry_t ** list, const char *n,
 
       cleanup:
 	free(name);
+	free(uid);
+	free(gid);
 	free(sename);
 	free(prefix);
 	free(home);
 	free(level);
+	free(lname);
 	free(temp);
 	return STATUS_ERR;
 }
@@ -708,39 +768,16 @@ static void pop_user_entry(genhomedircon_user_entry_t ** list)
 	temp = *list;
 	*list = temp->next;
 	free(temp->name);
+	free(temp->uid);
+	free(temp->gid);
 	free(temp->sename);
 	free(temp->prefix);
 	free(temp->home);
 	free(temp->level);
+	free(temp->login);
 	free(temp);
 }
 
-static int set_fallback_user(genhomedircon_settings_t *s, const char *user,
-			     const char *prefix, const char *level)
-{
-	char *fallback_user = strdup(user);
-	char *fallback_user_prefix = strdup(prefix);
-	char *fallback_user_level = NULL;
-	if (level) 
-		fallback_user_level = strdup(level);
-
-	if (fallback_user == NULL || fallback_user_prefix == NULL ||
-	    (fallback_user_level == NULL && level != NULL)) {
-		free(fallback_user);
-		free(fallback_user_prefix);
-		free(fallback_user_level);
-		return STATUS_ERR;
-	}
-
-	free(s->fallback_user);
-	free(s->fallback_user_prefix);
-	free(s->fallback_user_level);
-	s->fallback_user = fallback_user;
-	s->fallback_user_prefix = fallback_user_prefix;
-	s->fallback_user_level = fallback_user_level;
-	return STATUS_SUCCESS;
-}
-
 static int setup_fallback_user(genhomedircon_settings_t * s)
 {
 	semanage_seuser_t **seuser_list = NULL;
@@ -775,17 +812,20 @@ static int setup_fallback_user(genhomedircon_settings_t * s)
 			if (semanage_user_query(s->h_semanage, key, &u) < 0)
 			{
 				prefix = name;
-				level = FALLBACK_USER_LEVEL;
+				level = FALLBACK_LEVEL;
 			}
 			else
 			{
 				prefix = semanage_user_get_prefix(u);
 				level = semanage_user_get_mlslevel(u);
 				if (!level)
-					level = FALLBACK_USER_LEVEL;
+					level = FALLBACK_LEVEL;
 			}
 
-			if (set_fallback_user(s, seuname, prefix, level) != 0)
+			if (push_user_entry(&(s->fallback), FALLBACK_NAME,
+					    FALLBACK_UIDGID, FALLBACK_UIDGID,
+					    seuname, prefix, "", level,
+					    FALLBACK_NAME) != 0)
 				errors = STATUS_ERR;
 			semanage_user_key_free(key);
 			if (u)
@@ -801,6 +841,202 @@ static int setup_fallback_user(genhomedircon_settings_t * s)
 	return errors;
 }
 
+static genhomedircon_user_entry_t *find_user(genhomedircon_user_entry_t *head,
+					     const char *name)
+{
+	for(; head; head = head->next) {
+		if (strcmp(head->name, name) == 0) {
+			return head;
+		}
+	}
+
+	return NULL;
+}
+
+static int add_user(genhomedircon_settings_t * s,
+		    genhomedircon_user_entry_t **head,
+		    semanage_user_t *user,
+		    const char *name,
+		    const char *sename,
+		    const char *selogin)
+{
+	if (selogin[0] == '%') {
+		genhomedircon_user_entry_t *orig = find_user(*head, name);
+		if (orig != NULL && orig->login[0] == '%') {
+			ERR(s->h_semanage, "User %s is already mapped to"
+			    " group %s, but also belongs to group %s. Add an"
+			    " explicit mapping for this user to"
+			    " override group mappings.",
+			    name, orig->login + 1, selogin + 1);
+			return STATUS_ERR;
+		} else if (orig != NULL) {
+			// user mappings take precedence
+			return STATUS_SUCCESS;
+		}
+	}
+
+	int retval = STATUS_ERR;
+
+	char *rbuf = NULL;
+	long rbuflen;
+	struct passwd pwstorage, *pwent = NULL;
+	const char *prefix = NULL;
+	const char *level = NULL;
+	char uid[11];
+	char gid[11];
+
+	/* Allocate space for the getpwnam_r buffer */
+	rbuflen = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
+	if (rbuflen <= 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+	rbuf = malloc(rbuflen);
+	if (rbuf == NULL)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	if (user) {
+		prefix = semanage_user_get_prefix(user);
+		level = semanage_user_get_mlslevel(user);
+
+		if (!level) {
+			level = FALLBACK_LEVEL;
+		}
+	} else {
+		prefix = name;
+		level = FALLBACK_LEVEL;
+	}
+
+	retval = getpwnam_r(name, &pwstorage, rbuf, rbuflen, &pwent);
+	if (retval != 0 || pwent == NULL) {
+		if (retval != 0 && retval != ENOENT) {
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+
+		WARN(s->h_semanage,
+		     "user %s not in password file", name);
+		retval = STATUS_SUCCESS;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	int len = strlen(pwent->pw_dir) -1;
+	for(; len > 0 && pwent->pw_dir[len] == '/'; len--) {
+		pwent->pw_dir[len] = '\0';
+	}
+
+	if (strcmp(pwent->pw_dir, "/") == 0) {
+		/* don't relabel / genhomdircon checked to see if root
+		 * was the user and if so, set his home directory to
+		 * /root */
+		retval = STATUS_SUCCESS;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (ignore(pwent->pw_dir)) {
+		retval = STATUS_SUCCESS;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	len = snprintf(uid, sizeof(uid), "%u", pwent->pw_uid);
+	if (len < 0 || len >= (int)sizeof(uid)) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	len = snprintf(gid, sizeof(gid), "%u", pwent->pw_gid);
+	if (len < 0 || len >= (int)sizeof(gid)) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	retval = push_user_entry(head, name, uid, gid, sename, prefix,
+				pwent->pw_dir, level, selogin);
+cleanup:
+	free(rbuf);
+	return retval;
+}
+
+static int get_group_users(genhomedircon_settings_t * s,
+			  genhomedircon_user_entry_t **head,
+			  semanage_user_t *user,
+			  const char *sename,
+			  const char *selogin)
+{
+	int retval = STATUS_ERR;
+	unsigned int i;
+
+	long grbuflen;
+	char *grbuf = NULL;
+	struct group grstorage, *group = NULL;
+
+	long prbuflen;
+	char *pwbuf = NULL;
+	struct passwd pwstorage, *pw = NULL;
+
+	grbuflen = sysconf(_SC_GETGR_R_SIZE_MAX);
+	if (grbuflen <= 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+	grbuf = malloc(grbuflen);
+	if (grbuf == NULL)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	const char *grname = selogin + 1;
+
+	if (getgrnam_r(grname, &grstorage, grbuf,
+			(size_t) grbuflen, &group) != 0) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (group == NULL) {
+		ERR(s->h_semanage, "Can't find group named %s\n", grname);
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	size_t nmembers = 0;
+	char **members = group->gr_mem;
+
+	while (*members != NULL) {
+		nmembers++;
+		members++;
+	}
+
+	for (i = 0; i < nmembers; i++) {
+		const char *uname = group->gr_mem[i];
+
+		if (add_user(s, head, user, uname, sename, selogin) < 0) {
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	prbuflen = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
+	if (prbuflen <= 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+	pwbuf = malloc(prbuflen);
+	if (pwbuf == NULL)
+		goto cleanup;
+
+	setpwent();
+	while ((retval = getpwent_r(&pwstorage, pwbuf, prbuflen, &pw)) == 0) {
+		// skip users who also have this group as their
+		// primary group
+		if (lfind(pw->pw_name, group->gr_mem, &nmembers,
+			  sizeof(char *), &STR_COMPARATOR)) {
+			continue;
+		}
+
+		if (group->gr_gid == pw->pw_gid) {
+			if (add_user(s, head, user, pw->pw_name,
+				     sename, selogin) < 0) {
+				goto cleanup;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	retval = STATUS_SUCCESS;
+cleanup:
+	endpwent();
+	free(pwbuf);
+	free(grbuf);
+
+	return retval;
+}
+
 static genhomedircon_user_entry_t *get_users(genhomedircon_settings_t * s,
 					     int *errors)
 {
@@ -812,12 +1048,7 @@ static genhomedircon_user_entry_t *get_users(genhomedircon_settings_t * s,
 	semanage_user_t **u = NULL;
 	const char *name = NULL;
 	const char *seuname = NULL;
-	const char *prefix = NULL;
-	const char *level = NULL;
-	struct passwd pwstorage, *pwent = NULL;
 	unsigned int i;
-	long rbuflen;
-	char *rbuf = NULL;
 	int retval;
 
 	*errors = 0;
@@ -831,82 +1062,42 @@ static genhomedircon_user_entry_t *get_users(genhomedircon_settings_t * s,
 		nusers = 0;
 	}
 
+	qsort(seuser_list, nseusers, sizeof(semanage_seuser_t *),
+	      &seuser_sort_func);
 	qsort(user_list, nusers, sizeof(semanage_user_t *),
 	      (int (*)(const void *, const void *))&user_sort_func);
 
-	/* Allocate space for the getpwnam_r buffer */
-	rbuflen = sysconf(_SC_GETPW_R_SIZE_MAX);
-	if (rbuflen <= 0)
-		goto cleanup;
-	rbuf = malloc(rbuflen);
-	if (rbuf == NULL)
-		goto cleanup;
-
 	for (i = 0; i < nseusers; i++) {
 		seuname = semanage_seuser_get_sename(seuser_list[i]);
 		name = semanage_seuser_get_name(seuser_list[i]);
 
-		if (strcmp(name,"root") && strcmp(seuname, s->fallback_user) == 0)
-			continue;
-
 		if (strcmp(name, DEFAULT_LOGIN) == 0)
 			continue;
 
 		if (strcmp(name, TEMPLATE_SEUSER) == 0)
 			continue;
 
-		/* %groupname syntax */
-		if (name[0] == '%')
-			continue;
-
 		/* find the user structure given the name */
 		u = bsearch(seuname, user_list, nusers, sizeof(semanage_user_t *),
 			    (int (*)(const void *, const void *))
 			    &name_user_cmp);
-		if (u) {
-			prefix = semanage_user_get_prefix(*u);
-			level = semanage_user_get_mlslevel(*u);
-			if (!level)
-				level = FALLBACK_USER_LEVEL;
-		} else {
-			prefix = name;
-			level = FALLBACK_USER_LEVEL;
-		}
-
-		retval = getpwnam_r(name, &pwstorage, rbuf, rbuflen, &pwent);
-		if (retval != 0 || pwent == NULL) {
-			if (retval != 0 && retval != ENOENT) {
-				*errors = STATUS_ERR;
-				goto cleanup;
-			}
-
-			WARN(s->h_semanage,
-			     "user %s not in password file", name);
-			continue;
-		}
 
-		int len = strlen(pwent->pw_dir) -1;
-		for(; len > 0 && pwent->pw_dir[len] == '/'; len--) {
-			pwent->pw_dir[len] = '\0';
+		/* %groupname syntax */
+		if (name[0] == '%') {
+			retval = get_group_users(s, &head, *u, seuname,
+						name);
+		} else {
+			retval = add_user(s, &head, *u, name,
+					  seuname, name);
 		}
 
-		if (strcmp(pwent->pw_dir, "/") == 0) {
-			/* don't relabel / genhomdircon checked to see if root
-			 * was the user and if so, set his home directory to
-			 * /root */
-			continue;
-		}
-		if (ignore(pwent->pw_dir))
-			continue;
-		if (push_user_entry(&head, name, seuname,
-				    prefix, pwent->pw_dir, level) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+		if (retval != 0) {
 			*errors = STATUS_ERR;
-			break;
+			goto cleanup;
 		}
 	}
 
       cleanup:
-	free(rbuf);
 	if (*errors) {
 		for (; head; pop_user_entry(&head)) {
 			/* the pop function takes care of all the cleanup
@@ -927,6 +1118,7 @@ static genhomedircon_user_entry_t *get_users(genhomedircon_settings_t * s,
 }
 
 static int write_gen_home_dir_context(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
+				      semanage_list_t * username_context_tpl,
 				      semanage_list_t * user_context_tpl,
 				      semanage_list_t * homedir_context_tpl)
 {
@@ -939,13 +1131,11 @@ static int write_gen_home_dir_context(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out,
 	}
 
 	for (; users; pop_user_entry(&users)) {
-		if (write_home_dir_context(s, out, homedir_context_tpl,
-					   users->name,
-					   users->sename, users->home,
-					   users->prefix, users->level))
+		if (write_home_dir_context(s, out, homedir_context_tpl, users))
 			goto err;
-		if (write_user_context(s, out, user_context_tpl, users->name,
-				       users->sename, users->prefix))
+		if (write_username_context(s, out, username_context_tpl, users))
+			goto err;
+		if (write_user_context(s, out, user_context_tpl, users))
 			goto err;
 	}
 
@@ -968,16 +1158,21 @@ static int write_context_file(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out)
 {
 	semanage_list_t *homedirs = NULL;
 	semanage_list_t *h = NULL;
-	semanage_list_t *user_context_tpl = NULL;
 	semanage_list_t *homedir_context_tpl = NULL;
 	semanage_list_t *homeroot_context_tpl = NULL;
+	semanage_list_t *username_context_tpl = NULL;
+	semanage_list_t *user_context_tpl = NULL;
 	int retval = STATUS_SUCCESS;
 
 	homedir_context_tpl = make_template(s, &HOME_DIR_PRED);
 	homeroot_context_tpl = make_template(s, &HOME_ROOT_PRED);
+	username_context_tpl = make_template(s, &USERNAME_CONTEXT_PRED);
 	user_context_tpl = make_template(s, &USER_CONTEXT_PRED);
 
-	if (!homedir_context_tpl && !homeroot_context_tpl && !user_context_tpl)
+	if (!homedir_context_tpl
+	 && !homeroot_context_tpl
+	 && !username_context_tpl
+	 && !user_context_tpl)
 		goto done;
 
 	if (write_file_context_header(out) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
@@ -1001,19 +1196,19 @@ static int write_context_file(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out)
 		for (h = homedirs; h; h = h->next) {
 			Ustr *temp = ustr_dup_cstr(h->data);
 
-			if (!temp || !ustr_add_cstr(&temp, "/[^/]*")) {
+			if (!temp || !ustr_add_cstr(&temp, "/" FALLBACK_NAME)) {
 				ustr_sc_free(&temp);
 				retval = STATUS_ERR;
 				goto done;
 			}
 
-			if (write_home_dir_context(s, out,
-						   homedir_context_tpl,
-						   s->fallback_user, s->fallback_user,
-						   ustr_cstr(temp),
-						   s->fallback_user_prefix, s->fallback_user_level) !=
-			    STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+			free(s->fallback->home);
+			s->fallback->home = (char*) ustr_cstr(temp);
+
+			if (write_home_dir_context(s, out, homedir_context_tpl,
+						   s->fallback) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
 				ustr_sc_free(&temp);
+				s->fallback->home = NULL;
 				retval = STATUS_ERR;
 				goto done;
 			}
@@ -1021,23 +1216,31 @@ static int write_context_file(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out)
 						    homeroot_context_tpl,
 						    h->data) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
 				ustr_sc_free(&temp);
+				s->fallback->home = NULL;
 				retval = STATUS_ERR;
 				goto done;
 			}
 
 			ustr_sc_free(&temp);
+			s->fallback->home = NULL;
 		}
 	}
-	if (user_context_tpl) {
+	if (user_context_tpl || username_context_tpl) {
+		if (write_username_context(s, out, username_context_tpl,
+					   s->fallback) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+			retval = STATUS_ERR;
+			goto done;
+		}
+
 		if (write_user_context(s, out, user_context_tpl,
-				       ".*", s->fallback_user,
-				       s->fallback_user_prefix) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+				       s->fallback) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
 			retval = STATUS_ERR;
 			goto done;
 		}
 
-		if (write_gen_home_dir_context(s, out, user_context_tpl,
-					       homedir_context_tpl) != STATUS_SUCCESS) {
+		if (write_gen_home_dir_context(s, out, username_context_tpl,
+					       user_context_tpl, homedir_context_tpl)
+				!= STATUS_SUCCESS) {
 			retval = STATUS_ERR;
 		}
 	}
@@ -1045,6 +1248,7 @@ static int write_context_file(genhomedircon_settings_t * s, FILE * out)
 done:
 	/* Cleanup */
 	semanage_list_destroy(&homedirs);
+	semanage_list_destroy(&username_context_tpl);
 	semanage_list_destroy(&user_context_tpl);
 	semanage_list_destroy(&homedir_context_tpl);
 	semanage_list_destroy(&homeroot_context_tpl);
@@ -1068,10 +1272,20 @@ int semanage_genhomedircon(semanage_handle_t * sh,
 	s.fcfilepath = semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_TMP,
 					   SEMANAGE_FC_HOMEDIRS);
 
-	s.fallback_user = strdup(FALLBACK_USER);
-	s.fallback_user_prefix = strdup(FALLBACK_USER_PREFIX);
-	s.fallback_user_level = strdup(FALLBACK_USER_LEVEL);
-	if (s.fallback_user == NULL || s.fallback_user_prefix == NULL || s.fallback_user_level == NULL) {
+	s.fallback = calloc(1, sizeof(genhomedircon_user_entry_t));
+	if (s.fallback == NULL) {
+		retval = STATUS_ERR;
+		goto done;
+	}
+
+	s.fallback->name = strdup(FALLBACK_NAME);
+	s.fallback->sename = strdup(FALLBACK_SENAME);
+	s.fallback->prefix = strdup(FALLBACK_PREFIX);
+	s.fallback->level = strdup(FALLBACK_LEVEL);
+	if (s.fallback->name == NULL
+	 || s.fallback->sename == NULL
+	 || s.fallback->prefix == NULL
+	 || s.fallback->level == NULL) {
 		retval = STATUS_ERR;
 		goto done;
 	}
@@ -1095,9 +1309,7 @@ done:
 	if (out != NULL)
 		fclose(out);
 
-	free(s.fallback_user);
-	free(s.fallback_user_prefix);
-	free(s.fallback_user_level);
+	pop_user_entry(&(s.fallback));
 	ignore_free();
 
 	return retval;
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/src/semanage_store.c libsemanage-2.5/src/semanage_store.c
index fa0876f..ca29257 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/src/semanage_store.c
+++ libsemanage-2.5/src/semanage_store.c
@@ -292,6 +292,13 @@ static int semanage_init_final_suffix(semanage_handle_t *sh)
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 
+	if (asprintf(&semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC_BIN], "%s.bin",
+		     semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC]) < 0) {
+		ERR(sh, "Unable to allocate space for file context path.");
+		status = -1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
 	semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC_HOMEDIRS] =
 		strdup(selinux_file_context_homedir_path() + offset);
 	if (semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC_HOMEDIRS] == NULL) {
@@ -300,6 +307,13 @@ static int semanage_init_final_suffix(semanage_handle_t *sh)
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 
+	if (asprintf(&semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC_HOMEDIRS_BIN], "%s.bin",
+		     semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC_HOMEDIRS]) < 0) {
+		ERR(sh, "Unable to allocate space for file context home directory path.");
+		status = -1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
 	semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC_LOCAL] =
 		strdup(selinux_file_context_local_path() + offset);
 	if (semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC_LOCAL] == NULL) {
@@ -308,6 +322,13 @@ static int semanage_init_final_suffix(semanage_handle_t *sh)
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 
+	if (asprintf(&semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC_LOCAL_BIN], "%s.bin",
+		     semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_FC_LOCAL]) < 0) {
+		ERR(sh, "Unable to allocate space for local file context path.");
+		status = -1;
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
 	semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_NC] =
 		strdup(selinux_netfilter_context_path() + offset);
 	if (semanage_final_suffix[SEMANAGE_NC] == NULL) {
@@ -1491,6 +1512,45 @@ static int sefcontext_compile(semanage_handle_t * sh, const char *path) {
 	return 0;
 }
 
+static int semanage_validate_and_compile_fcontexts(semanage_handle_t * sh)
+{
+	int status = -1;
+
+	if (sh->do_check_contexts) {
+		int ret;
+		ret = semanage_exec_prog(
+			sh,
+			sh->conf->setfiles,
+			semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_TMP,
+					    SEMANAGE_KERNEL),
+			semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_TMP,
+					    SEMANAGE_FC));
+		if (ret != 0) {
+			ERR(sh, "setfiles returned error code %d.", ret);
+			goto cleanup;
+		}
+	}
+
+	if (sefcontext_compile(sh,
+		    semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_TMP, SEMANAGE_FC)) != 0) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (sefcontext_compile(sh,
+		    semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_TMP, SEMANAGE_FC_LOCAL)) != 0) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	if (sefcontext_compile(sh,
+		    semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_TMP, SEMANAGE_FC_HOMEDIRS)) != 0) {
+		goto cleanup;
+	}
+
+	status = 0;
+cleanup:
+	return status;
+}
+
 /* Load the contexts of the final tmp into the final selinux directory.
  * Return 0 on success, -3 on error.
  */
@@ -1566,35 +1626,6 @@ static int semanage_install_final_tmp(semanage_handle_t * sh)
 	}
 
 skip_reload:
-	if (sh->do_check_contexts) {
-		ret = semanage_exec_prog(
-			sh,
-			sh->conf->setfiles,
-			semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_SELINUX,
-					    SEMANAGE_KERNEL),
-			semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_SELINUX,
-					    SEMANAGE_FC));
-		if (ret != 0) {
-			ERR(sh, "setfiles returned error code %d.", ret);
-			goto cleanup;
-		}
-	}
-
-	if (sefcontext_compile(sh,
-		    semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_SELINUX, SEMANAGE_FC)) != 0) {
-		goto cleanup;
-	}
-
-	if (sefcontext_compile(sh,
-		    semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_SELINUX, SEMANAGE_FC_LOCAL)) != 0) {
-		goto cleanup;
-	}
-
-	if (sefcontext_compile(sh,
-		    semanage_final_path(SEMANAGE_FINAL_SELINUX, SEMANAGE_FC_HOMEDIRS)) != 0) {
-		goto cleanup;
-	}
-
 	status = 0;
 cleanup:
 	return status;
@@ -1737,6 +1768,9 @@ int semanage_install_sandbox(semanage_handle_t * sh)
 		goto cleanup;
 	}
 
+	if (semanage_validate_and_compile_fcontexts(sh) < 0)
+		goto cleanup;
+
 	if ((commit_num = semanage_commit_sandbox(sh)) < 0) {
 		retval = commit_num;
 		goto cleanup;
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/src/semanage_store.h libsemanage-2.5/src/semanage_store.h
index acb6e3f..c5b33c8 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/src/semanage_store.h
+++ libsemanage-2.5/src/semanage_store.h
@@ -71,8 +71,11 @@ enum semanage_final_defs {
 enum semanage_final_path_defs {
 	SEMANAGE_FINAL_TOPLEVEL,
 	SEMANAGE_FC,
+	SEMANAGE_FC_BIN,
 	SEMANAGE_FC_HOMEDIRS,
+	SEMANAGE_FC_HOMEDIRS_BIN,
 	SEMANAGE_FC_LOCAL,
+	SEMANAGE_FC_LOCAL_BIN,
 	SEMANAGE_KERNEL,
 	SEMANAGE_NC,
 	SEMANAGE_SEUSERS,
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/tests/.gitignore libsemanage-2.5/tests/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f07111d
--- /dev/null
+++ libsemanage-2.5/tests/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+libsemanage-tests
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/tests/Makefile libsemanage-2.5/tests/Makefile
index fec96ff..4b81fed 100644
--- libsemanage-2.5/tests/Makefile
+++ libsemanage-2.5/tests/Makefile
@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ LIBS = ../src/libsemanage.a ../../libselinux/src/libselinux.a ../../libsepol/src
 ###########################################################################
 
 EXECUTABLE = libsemanage-tests
-CC = gcc
 CFLAGS += -g -O0 -Wall -W -Wundef -Wmissing-noreturn -Wmissing-format-attribute -Wno-unused-parameter
 INCLUDE = -I$(TESTSRC) -I$(TESTSRC)/../include
 LDFLAGS += -lcunit -lustr -lbz2 -laudit
diff --git libsemanage-2.5/utils/semanage_migrate_store libsemanage-2.5/utils/semanage_migrate_store
index 0ebd285..2bdcc05 100755
--- libsemanage-2.5/utils/semanage_migrate_store
+++ libsemanage-2.5/utils/semanage_migrate_store
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/usr/bin/python -E
+#!/usr/bin/python3 -E
 
 
 from __future__ import print_function
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ try:
 	import selinux
 	import semanage
 except:
-	print("You must install libselinux-python and libsemanage-python before running this tool", file=sys.stderr)
+	print("You must install libselinux-python3 and libsemanage-python3 before running this tool", file=sys.stderr)
 	exit(1)